{"id":8215,"date":"2021-05-11T21:19:58","date_gmt":"2021-05-11T19:19:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/circular.berlin\/?p=8215"},"modified":"2025-12-29T20:52:30","modified_gmt":"2025-12-29T18:52:30","slug":"defining-the-electronics-sector-a-first-step-to-increasing-the-circularity-of-this-sector","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/circular.berlin\/de\/news\/defining-the-electronics-sector-a-first-step-to-increasing-the-circularity-of-this-sector\/","title":{"rendered":"Die Definition des Elektroniksektors: Ein erster Schritt zur Verbesserung der Kreislaufwirtschaft in diesem Sektor."},"content":{"rendered":"

Der Konsens ist klar: Elektronik ist einer der am schnellsten wachsenden Abfallstr\u00f6me der Welt, sowohl was das Volumen als auch die Umweltauswirkungen angeht. F\u00fcr uns, Circular Berlin, war es wichtig, in diesen Sektor einzutauchen, da wir die Dringlichkeit f\u00fcr mehr Kreislaufwirtschaft erkannt haben. Mit der Hilfe von f\u00fcnf Studenten der Universit\u00e4t Utrecht haben wir den ersten Schritt getan, um zu definieren, wie wir diesen Bereich in der Stadt angehen k\u00f6nnen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was ist der Umfang des Elektroniksektors?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Die Definition des Elektroniksektors ist keine leichte Aufgabe. Wenn man sich umh\u00f6rt, woraus der Elektroniksektor besteht, denkt man zuerst an Smartphones und Laptops oder vielleicht an elektrische Batterien und Nanotechnologien. Auch in der Literatur und in vielen Berichten ist der Begriff \"Elektronik\" nur vage definiert. Das macht es schwer zu beurteilen, was als elektronisches Ger\u00e4t gilt. Eine einheitliche Grundlage stammt jedoch von der EU Richtlinie \u00fcber Elektro- und Elektronik-Altger\u00e4te (WEEE)<\/a>. Sie bietet einen pr\u00e4zisen Rahmen f\u00fcr den Elektroniksektor. Er definiert elektrische und elektronische Ger\u00e4te (EEE) als:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cGer\u00e4te, die zu ihrem ordnungsgem\u00e4\u00dfen Betrieb elektrische Str\u00f6me oder elektromagnetische Felder ben\u00f6tigen, sowie Ger\u00e4te zur Erzeugung, \u00dcbertragung und Messung solcher Str\u00f6me und Felder, die zur Verwendung mit einer Nennspannung von h\u00f6chstens 1 000 Volt bei Wechselstrom und 1 500 Volt bei Gleichstrom bestimmt sind.\u201d (P. 43)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wichtiger ist, dass es sechs Kategorien (Abbildung 1) f\u00fcr ein EEE gibt:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Temperaturaustauschger\u00e4te (TEE)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Bildschirme und Monitore\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Lampen<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Gro\u00dfger\u00e4te<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. Kleine Ger\u00e4te\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. Kleine IT- und Kommunikationsger\u00e4te\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Abbildung 1. <\/em><\/strong>\u00dcberblick \u00fcber die sechs Kategorien<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Besonderheiten der Elektronik in Deutschland<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    In Deutschland wurde die WEEE-Richtlinie durch das WEEE-Gesetz in deutsches Recht umgesetzt. ElektroG-Gesetz<\/a>. Das bedeutet, dass alle elektrischen Ger\u00e4te, die innerhalb der sechs Kategorien in Verkehr gebracht werden, registriert und gekennzeichnet werden m\u00fcssen. Die Idee dahinter ist, den \u00dcberblick \u00fcber Elektro- und Elektronikger\u00e4te zu behalten. Sie soll es erm\u00f6glichen, die Sammelquoten zu erh\u00f6hen, eine ordnungsgem\u00e4\u00dfe Verwaltung von Elektro- und Elektronikger\u00e4ten w\u00e4hrend und nach dem Verbrauch zu gew\u00e4hrleisten und die Produktlebensdauer von Elektronikger\u00e4ten zu verl\u00e4ngern. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Die WEEE-Richtlinie\/ElektroG-Gesetz zielt darauf ab, die Effizienz der Nutzung und R\u00fcckgewinnung von wertvollen Sekund\u00e4rrohstoffen zu erh\u00f6hen. Die Strategien daf\u00fcr sind Wiederverwendung, Recycling und andere Formen der Verwertung. Auf der Herstellerseite setzt sie \u00d6kodesign-Anforderungen durch, um die Wiederverwendung, Demontage und Verwertung von Materialien zu erleichtern (in Anlehnung an die \u00d6kodesign-Richtlinie<\/a> und die neue Gesetz \u00fcber das Recht auf Reparatur<\/a>). Das Gesetz verlangt auch, dass die Anbieter die Kosten f\u00fcr Sammlung und Recycling \u00fcbernehmen, damit die Verbraucher Elektro- und Elektronik-Altger\u00e4te kostenlos zur\u00fcckgeben k\u00f6nnen. In der Tat betont die Richtlinie die wichtige Rolle, die die Verbraucher bei der Schaffung eines st\u00e4rker kreislauforientierten Elektroniksektors spielen. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    In diesem Zusammenhang hat die deutsche KrwG-Gesetz<\/a> (Kreislaufwirtschaftsgesetz) definiert Elektro- und Elektronikger\u00e4te ebenfalls als Teil der Siedlungsabf\u00e4lle (\u00a73). Dies bedeutet, dass Elektro- und Elektronik-Altger\u00e4te den Bestimmungen des KrwG unterliegen. Es zielt darauf ab, die Entwicklung, Herstellung und Verwendung von Produkten zu f\u00f6rdern, die ressourceneffizient, langlebig, reparierbar, wiederverwendbar oder im Hinblick auf ihre Lebensdauer aufr\u00fcstbar sind.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Interessanterweise sind Batterien und Fahrzeuge nicht in diesen identifizierenden Kategorien f\u00fcr Elektronik enthalten. Wir sehen diese unterschiedliche Kategorisierung zwischen Elektronik und Batterien auch in der EU-Aktionsplan f\u00fcr die Kreislaufwirtschaft<\/a>, aus dem Europ\u00e4ischen Green Deal. Der Grund daf\u00fcr ist das sehr unterschiedliche Demontage- und Recyclingverfahren, das f\u00fcr Batterien erforderlich ist, so dass sie nicht in den Bereich der Elektronik fallen. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Die Definition der WEEE-Richtlinie wird auch h\u00e4ufig von Organisationen verwendet, die einen st\u00e4rker kreislauforientierten Elektroniksektor anstreben. Sie wurde zum Beispiel \u00fcbernommen von die Plattform zur Beschleunigung der Kreislaufwirtschaft<\/a>, die Partnerschaft f\u00fcr zirkul\u00e4re Elektronik (CEP)<\/a>,und die Bericht des Weltwirtschaftsforums \u00fcber eine neue zirkul\u00e4re Vision f\u00fcr die Elektronik.<\/a> In europ\u00e4ischen St\u00e4dten wie London, Amsterdam und Br\u00fcssel wird diese Definition auch in Rahmenprogrammen f\u00fcr die Kreislaufwirtschaft verwendet, wie z. B. Kreisf\u00f6rmig sein<\/a>, Londoner Amt f\u00fcr Abfall und Recycling<\/a> und Gemeente Amsterdam<\/a>.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Daher bieten die WEEE-Richtlinie\/ElektroG und ihre sechs Kategorien eine pr\u00e4gnante Definition des Sektors. Ihre Verwendung in den regulatorischen Strukturen sowohl auf europ\u00e4ischer als auch auf deutscher Ebene bietet einen guten Arbeitsrahmen, um den Elektroniksektor zu beschreiben. Dies ist f\u00fcr uns von Circular Berlin ein erster Schritt, um in Verbindung mit bereits bestehenden Gesetzen und Initiativen den notwendigen Wandel in der Berliner Elektronikbranche zu vollziehen.
    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Geschrieben von <\/em>Daantje Berghuis<\/em><\/a>, <\/em>Elke Burghoorn<\/em><\/a>, <\/em>Yana Mechielsen<\/em><\/a>, <\/em>Nola Moreau<\/em><\/a>, <\/em>Elina Oostendorp<\/em><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    The consensus is clear: electronics are one of the fastest growing waste streams in the world in terms of volume and environmental impact. For us, Circular Berlin, it was essential to start diving into this sector seeing the urgency it has for more circularity. With the help of five students from Utrecht University, we took […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8217,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[120],"tags":[179],"unit":[230],"topic":[239],"class_list":["post-8215","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-electronics","unit-circular-market","topic-electronics"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDefining the Electronics Sector<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The consensus is clear: electronics are one of the fastest growing waste streams in the world in terms of volume and environmental impact. 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